They are painless, easy, quick, and cost-effective. They can also check for both illegal and prescription drugs. The analysis can determine whether a person has used specific drugs in the past few days or weeks, even after the effects of the drugs have worn off.
In this article, we take a close look at urine drug screens. We describe the types of drugs they can detect and how long these substances remain traceable in urine. A doctor may request a urine drug screen if they think that a person has been using illegal drugs or misusing prescription drugs. For example, a doctor may request a urine screen to determine if a person is misusing the opioids that the doctor had prescribed to treat their chronic pain.
An emergency services staff member may request a urine drug screen if they suspect that a person is behaving strangely or dangerously due to the influence of drugs. Drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs may request urine drug screens to check whether a person is staying sober. Many sporting officials require urine drug screens to check whether athletes have used performance-enhancing drugs. This is more common in workplaces that require high levels of safety.
An employer may be more likely to test a person who operates vehicles or machinery, for example. However, if a person suspects alcohol consumption, they are more likely to request a breath or blood test. Urine screens can also detect nicotine and cotinine, which the body produces when it breaks down nicotine. An immunoassay IA test is the most common type, because it is the quickest and most cost-effective.
However, it can give a false-positive result. This shows the presence of a drug when a person has not used it. A second type of urine screen can confirm the results of an IA test. The second test is called gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS.
Usually, providers only use GC-MS tests as follow-ups because they are more expensive, and the results take longer to receive. Urine drug screens use cut-off levels. This means that a result will only be positive if the amount of the drug is above a certain level.
Having cut-off levels helps prevent false-positive results. These can occur when a person has not taken an illegal drug, but they have eaten food containing a legal amount of hemp, coca, or opium.
For example, eating poppy seeds before a urine drug screen can, in rare cases, cause the test to detect the presence of opium. Cut-off levels also reduce the chance of a person testing positive after only passive exposure to a drug. The type, amount, and frequency of the drug being taken, along with many other factors, determine how long it will stay in your system. Start the road to recovery. Get a Call. Questions about treatment? Call now for: Access to top treatment centers Caring, supportive guidance Financial assistance options Addiction Center is not affiliated with any insurance.
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Confidentially speak with a treatment provider: Call Chat. Access to top treatment centers Caring, supportive guidance Financial assistance options. What is a drug test? The drugs most often tested for include: Marijuana Opioids , such as heroin , codeine, oxycodone, morphine, hydrocodone, and fentanyl Amphetamines, including methamphetamine Cocaine Steroids Barbiturates, such as phenobarbital and secobarbital Phencyclidine PCP Other names: drug screen, drug test, drugs of abuse testing, substance abuse testing, toxicology screen, tox screen, sports doping tests.
What is it used for? It may be used for: Employment. Sports organizations. Professional and collegiate athletes usually need to take a test for performance-enhancing drugs or other substances.
Legal or forensic purposes. Testing may be part of a criminal or motor vehicle accident investigation. Drug screening may also be ordered as part of a court case. Monitoring opioid use. If you've been prescribed an opioid for chronic pain, your health care provider may order a drug test to make sure you are taking the right amount of your medicine.
Why do I need a drug test? These symptoms include: Slowed or slurred speech Dilated or small pupils Agitation Panic Paranoia Delirium Difficulty breathing Nausea Changes in blood pressure or heart rhythm. What happens during a drug test? The clean catch method includes the following steps: Wash your hands Clean your genital area with a cleansing pad given to you by your provider.
Men should wipe the tip of their penis. Women should open their labia and clean from front to back. Start to urinate into the toilet. Move the collection container under your urine stream. Collect at least an ounce or two of urine into the container, which should have markings to indicate the amounts.
Finish urinating into the toilet. Return the sample container to the lab technician or health care provider.
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